Which term describes monitoring of files or logs to detect modifications and generate alerts?

• A. Firewall
• B. File Integrity Monitoring
• C. Encryption
• D. Egress Filtering

Answer: (B)

File Integrity Monitoring describes watching critical files and logs for any unauthorized changes and generating alerts when modifications are detected. This enables quick detection of tampering, malware, or misconfigurations and supports incident response and audit trails. In PCI DSS, monitoring changes to key system and configuration files (and related logs) to alert on modifications is a standard control, reinforcing the integrity of the environment. Other terms address different security controls: firewalls manage network access, encryption protects data confidentiality (not change detection), and egress filtering controls outbound traffic. So the concept best describing monitoring files or logs for modifications and generating alerts is File Integrity Monitoring.