SQL is used to create, modify, and retrieve data from which type of database management systems?

• A. NoSQL databases
• B. Flat file stores
• C. In-memory caches
• D. Relational database management systems

Answer: (D)

SQL is the standard language for relational database management systems because it operates on structured data stored in tables with defined relationships. It covers creating schemas, inserting, updating, querying data, and controlling access, which relational DBMS are designed to manage. Examples like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL Server use SQL as their primary interface, reflecting the tabular, relation-based model. Other data stores—NoSQL databases—with non-relational models have their own query methods, flat file stores lack a database engine for complex queries, and in-memory caches prioritize speed and often use different access methods. So SQL is used with relational database management systems.