Monitoring is described as?

• A. A periodic review of logs once per year
• B. Use of systems or processes that constantly oversee computer or network resources for the purpose of alerting personnel in case of outages, alarms, or other predefined events
• C. A method to encrypt data in transit
• D. A hardware device for improving latency

Answer: (B)

Monitoring means continuously watching computer and network resources with automated systems so that alerts are triggered when outages, alarms, or predefined events occur. This enables rapid detection and response, which is essential for protecting cardholder data and meeting PCI DSS expectations for ongoing oversight. The option describing a periodic review of logs once per year does not provide real-time detection or alerts. Encryption in transit protects data in transit, not monitoring. A hardware device for improving latency is unrelated to monitoring.